Water vapor and oxygen permeability of wax films

The water vapor (WVP) and oxygen (O₂P) permeabilities of beeswax (BW), candelilla wax (CnW), carnauba wax (CrW) and microcrystalline wax (MW), formed as freestanding films, were determined. CnW and CrW both had small values for O₂P (0.29 and 0.26 g·m⁻¹·sec⁻¹·Pa⁻¹ × 10⁻¹⁴, respectively), which are less than half the value for high-density polyethylene and about a decade greater than the value for polyethylene terephthalate. O₂P values for BW and MW were about 6−9× greater than those of CnW and CrW. WVP of CnW was 0.18 g·m⁻¹·sec⁻¹·Pa⁻¹ × 10⁻¹², which is about one-half the value for CrW and MW and about one-third the value for BW. The WVP of CnW was somewhat less than that of polypropylene and somewhat greater than that of high-density polyethylene. Differences in permeabilities among the wax films are attributed mainly to differences in chemical composition and crystal type as determined by X-ray diffraction.     

石蜡定形相变材料的包裹及热性能

利用原位聚合法,提出了对定形相变材料进行无机高分子材料再包裹,制备了硅胶封装石蜡定形相变材料的微胶囊,其石蜡的含量最高达到w(石蜡)=69.12%。用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)测定了微胶囊的热性能,并将测定粉体材料润湿性能的W ashburn方程应用于相变材料的亲油亲水性测定,评价了定形相变材料在胶囊封装前后的亲水性变化。结果表明,经硅胶封装的相变材料其相变焓为153.46 J.g-1,相变焓降低较少,而亲水性能有很大提高,确定了微胶囊产品中石蜡最佳质量分数为w(石蜡)=50%~56%。     

喷雾型地板上光蜡的研制

喷雾型地板上光蜡也称乳剂型地板上光蜡，是蜡和乳化剂在加热搅拌条件下进行乳化反应而生成的水乳状液蜡上光剂，生产工艺简单，稳定性和上光效果较好，本文对新型光蜡的典型配方和影响乳液稳定性，上光效果的诸因素进行研究，找出配制稳定剂乳液及提高上光效果的最佳工艺条件。     

氯化石蜡生色因素及对策的探讨

探讨了氯化石蜡生产中的生色因素，提出了降低氯化石蜡色泽以提高产品质量的措施：优选原材料注意设备材质；优化生产工艺。     

卤化石蜡系列阻燃剂研究进展

综述了卤化石蜡系列阻燃剂的品种、性能和用途。并讨论了溴化石蜡的几种溴化反应方法,即烯烃法、N-溴代丁二酰亚胺法和氧化汞催化法,指出溴素法生产溴化及溴氯化石蜡是卤化石蜡合成工艺的突破。最后对卤化石蜡的生产方法进行了简要介绍。     

陶瓷热压铸成型的超临界CO2流体脱蜡

利用超临界CO2流体萃取技术从陶瓷热压铸成型坯体中萃取有机粘合剂。对陶瓷热压铸成型中所使用的有机载体组分进行研究，对陶瓷热压铸成型超临界CO2流体脱蜡工艺条件进行了探索。研究了陶瓷坯体厚度、萃取压力，温度及时间对萃取率和陶瓷坯体脱蜡质量的影响。结果表明：由60％(质量分数，下同)非极性分子石蜡(熔点57℃)和40％极性分子蜂蜡(熔点58℃)组成的混合蜡作为热压铸浆料的有机载体，在压力为30MPa，温度为45℃的超临界CO2流体中脱脂可获得无缺陷的陶瓷热压铸成型生坯，脱蜡时间从34h减少到3h。由超临界CO2流体脱蜡后烧成的陶瓷试件具有小的变形及高的致密度。     

CH－12型石蜡加氢精制催化剂研制及工业应用

ＣＨ－１２型石蜡加氢精制催化剂以改性国产载体Ｃ负载Ｗ－Ｍ－Ｍ活性组分，呈三叶草外形，具有良好的抗破碎强度、活性稳定性和芳烃炮和能力．适宜的加氢脱硫与加氢脱氮性能．使产品食品级石蜡具有良好的光安定性，含油量不变，稠环芳烃饱和良好。工业催化剂制备流程与工艺条件可行，催化剂产品质量稳定。     

Surface Composition of Myrmecophilic Plants: Cuticular Wax and Glandular Trichomes on Leaves of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Macaranga tanarius</Emphasis>

Primary plant surfaces, covered with cuticles consisting of cutin and waxes, are important substrates for interaction with insects. The composition of leaf surfaces of the myrmecophilic plant Macaranga tanarius was studied. The prenylated flavanone nymphaeol-C was identified in surface extracts and was localized exclusively in glandular trichomes on the abaxial leaf side. The epidermal pavement cells surrounding these trichomes were covered with a smooth film of epicuticular wax from which few small wax crystals protruded. The epicuticular wax amounted to approximately 8 μg cm⁻², corresponding to 85% of the wax load on the adaxial as well as the abaxial leaf sides. The epicuticular wax mixtures from both leaf surfaces contained more than 70% primary alcohols, 14% fatty acids, 2% aldehydes, and traces of alkyl acetates, with chain lengths ranging from C₂₀ to C₃₈. In contrast, the intracuticular wax layer was largely dominated by triterpenoid alcohols α-amyrin, β-amyrin, and lupeol. Consequently, these characteristic compounds are not available for direct contact with insects on the plant surface.     

煤液化油实沸点蒸馏的模拟实验

采用TD200简易蒸馏装置对石油醚和液体石蜡进行了实沸点蒸馏，得到实沸点蒸馏数据，并绘制了实沸点蒸馏曲线和各馏分质量百分数与温度关系曲线，得出主要馏分所在的沸程分别为石油醚64．5℃～68℃，液体石蜡412℃～420℃；同时计算出了二者的平均沸点为65.73℃和404．36℃．这些曲线及数据不仅对石油醚和液体石蜡的组成和使用性能有参考价值，而且这种分析方法为煤液化油的实沸点蒸馏奠定了基础。     

模拟移动床吸附模型的计算应用

采用模拟移动床实现分子筛脱蜡过程是烷基苯生产中的一个重要环节。用模拟移动床动态吸附模型对分子筛脱蜡进行了模拟计算,探讨随时间改变流量的措施对提高分子筛脱蜡过程效率的影响。计算结果表明:进料量、脱附剂流量均随时间周期性地先慢后快变化的操作方式,可提高产量、减少脱附剂用量、节省能耗,同时正构烷烃的纯度及收率都能符合技术指标要求。这一结果为分子筛脱蜡过程的优化提供了更新的理论根据。